The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.